新高考(51):2021高考英语读后续写方法探究

发布于 2021-05-09 13:10 ，所属分类：中小学英语考试学习资料


读后续写是一种将阅读与写作紧密结合的考查形式，旨在考查考生的综合语言运用能力。读后续写的阅读材料一般以记叙文和夹叙夹议文为主。一般来说，记叙文浅显易懂，但故事情节多曲折动人，故事线索的逻辑性也较强。要求考生续写的部分多是故事发展的高潮或结局。情节曲折跌宕，线索性和逻辑性较强。考生要抓住故事的叙事线索，依据原文的写作思路续写文章，并适当发散。


其实对于这类题型我们需要注意的问题是：

1、写什么

2、怎么写


今天我们将以2021年的8省联考题目为例，对英语读后续写方法探究！


考试原题


During this past year, I've had three instances of car trouble. Each time these things happened, I was sick of the way most people hadn't bothered to help. One of those times, I was on the side of the road for close to three hours with my big Jeep. I put signs in the windows, big signs that said NEED A JACK（千斤顶），and offered money. Nothing. Right as I was about to give up, a Mexican family in a small truck pulled over, and the father bounded out.
He sized up the situation and called fbr his daughter, who spoke English. He conveyed through her that he had a jack but that it was too small for the Jeep, so we would need something to support it. Then he got a saw（锯子）from the truck and cut a section out of a big log on the side of the road. We rolled it over and put his jack on top, and we were in business.
I started taking the wheel off, and then, if you can believe it, I broke his tire iron. No worries: He handed it to his wife, and she was gone in a flash down the road to buy a new tire iron. She was back in 15 minutes. We finished the job, and I was a very happy man.
The two of us were dirty and sweaty. His wife prepared a pot of water for us to wash our hands. I tried to put a $20 bill in the man's hand, but he wouldn't take it, so instead, I went up to the truck and gave it to his wife as quietly as I could. I asked the little girl where they lived. Mexico, she said. They were in Oregon so Mommy and Daddy could work on a fruit farm for the next few weeks. Then they would go home.

注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
When I was about to say goodbye, the girl asked if I'd had lunch.
After they left, I got into my Jeep and opened the paper bag.


【写作指导】


一、重点划红

Duringthis past year, I’ve hadthree instances of car trouble. Each time these thingshappened,I wassick of the way most people hadn’t bothered to help.One of those times, I wason the side of the roadfor close to three hourswith mybig Jeep. Iput signsin the windows,big signsthat saidNEED A JACK(千斤顶), andoffered money. Nothing. Right as Iwas about to give up,a Mexican familyin a small truckpulled over, andthe fatherbounded out.
He sized up the situationand called forhisdaughter, whospoke English. He conveyed through herthat he hada jackbutthat it wastoo smallfor the Jeep,sowe would need somethingto support it. Then hegot a saw(据子) from the truckandcuta section out ofabig logon the side of the road. Werolled it over andput his jack on top, and we were in business.
I startedtaking the wheel off, and then, if you canbelieve it, Ibroke histire iron. Noworries: He handed it tohis wife, and she was gone in a flash down the road tobuy a new tire iron. She was back in 15minutes. We finished the job, and I was a veryhappyman.
The two of us were dirtyand sweaty.His wifeprepared a pot of waterfor us to wash our hands. Itried to put a $20 billin the man’s hand,buthe wouldn’t take it,so insteadI went up to the truck andgave it to hiswife as quietly as I could. I asked thelittle girl where they lived. Mexico, she said. They were in Oregon so Mommyand Daddy could work on a fruit farm for the next few weeks.Thentheywould gohome.

二、从关键词得出以下信息

时间：this past year；one of the instance of cartrouble；
地点：on the side of the road
人物：I；a Mexican family (thefather；thewife；thedaughter)(Theywere strangers)
事件：
①I was sick of the way most peoplewere unwilling to give me a help when I had car trouble.
②Once, my car broke down and I needed a Jack to changea new tire. The Mexican family did what they could to help me on their wayhome, such as, the daughter helped expressed in English what the father wantedto conveyed, the father cut a log out to support the small Jack, and the motherhurriedly ran to buy a new tire iron because I broke their previous one.
③I was happy and finally made it togave the money to the mother.
主题：根据以上整理出来的事件脉络，不难发现这篇文章在事件上主要体现这一家人对我的帮助（help），而在情感上已从sick of转变到happy，所以整个故事的主题应是这一家人对我的帮助（help）+改变对陌生人的看法和认识。

三、“前”、“中”、“后”让事情“做”得更“圆满”

说明：“前”要衔接已给首句
“中”描写过程
“后”衔接第二段首句
文本最想强调的情感点就在于想通过the Mexican family对我的help改变我对陌生人的看法和认识。所以在“写”的情节构思和推断上，绝不可以脱离故事的主题的，所以续写的两段必须紧扣这一主题。
1.确定第一段段落大意及情节推断
根据两段已给首句的关键词（标红色）和主题（help）确定第一段的主要内容：
When I was about to saygoodbye,the girlasked if I’d had lunch.
After they left, I got into my Jeep andopenedthe paperbag.
由两段的关键词和主题，我们可以得出第一段的主要内容应是他们邀请我“一起吃午饭”。这是一件需要“做”的事情，所以可以采用“前”、“中”、“后”推断情节先后的方法。


2.确定第二段段落大意及情节推断
根据第二段的首句After they left, I got into my Jeep andopened the paper bag.和主题这一家人对我的帮助改变我对陌生人的看法和认识，以及结尾正能量的原则，可以确定第二段的主要内容应是写我对陌生人的看法和认识的改变，涉及到所看所感所想所做，回应前文。
明线：I was sick of the way most people hadn’t bothered to help.
暗线：预示结果会对人性的价值重构

明线：put a 20 dallors bill
暗线：无私乐助精神的反射

明线：Mexico farm
暗线：为之后可能相遇打伏笔

明线：had lunch
暗线：乐助和友善的信号

明线：paper bag
暗线：情节焦点（主题正增强）
初稿：
When I was about to say goodbye, the girl asked if I’d had lunch. “Not yet, because I have been waiting here for three hours,” I said.She told me that they didn’t have it either and invited me together.Afterwards, the girl took out a large basket from the truck, which contained many kinds of fruit.With pride and joy, she explained that these were specialty from Mexico. So we sat on the roadside to share them,chatting like old friends we hadn’t seen for a long time.Throughout the conversation, they shared with me the pretty experience in Mexico and welcomed me to visit them at any time.When it was time to leave, the girl’s mother handed me a paper bag of fruit.With deepest gratitude, I saw them off.
After they left, I got into my jeep and opened the paper bag.Much to my surprise, I found the $20 bill I had stuffed into the girl’s mother.There existed a note, saying“We had got your great gratitude and helping you is the right thing to do.” Moved by their words, I suddenly felt that there were still kind-hearted people in the world willing to help me,although I encountered a lot of indifference.From then on, I made a decision to put a big jack on my big jeep, longing to help more like me who used to ask for help on the road to the best of my ability.

分析方法


1、细读首句，构思框架

两段首句定一框由所给的第一段首句与第二段首句确定第一框的主要内容；
一框首句呼应所给的第一段首句，一框尾句呼应所给的第二段首句；
二框二首正能量二框的首句呼应所给的第二段首句，二框尾句由正能量的结尾来确定。

Paragraph 1的开头是“就在我要说再见的时候，女孩问我是否吃过午饭了。”可知，一框的写作主要内容是作者和墨西哥家庭一块儿吃午饭的过程。一框的首句应写对女孩问题的回答，回答之前的心里所想——想起来自己还没吃午饭；一框的尾句呼应所给的第二段的首句，应写我收到了墨西哥家庭给我的一个纸袋。
Paragraph 2的开头“在他们离开后，我上了吉普车，打开纸袋。”可知，二框的写作主要内容是作者在纸袋里发现什么，以及自己对这一次经历的感悟。二框的首句应写我打开纸袋，发现了我给的钱；二框的尾句应以我想把这种互助的行为传递下去，呈现正能量。


2、增加细节，开始写作

在已定框架范围内，依据情节推断故事中人物所见、所闻、所思、所说、所做等给每段增加5至8个具体细节，我们称之为叫“58细节添加法”。

Paragraph 1When I wasabout to say goodbye, the girl asked if I'd had lunch.

1.增加细节
所思：意识没吃午饭
所说：没吃午饭
所做：女孩邀请作者加入午饭，作者接过三明治以及纸袋
所感：这是吃过最美味的三明治

2.开始写作
1.听到他说的话，我意识到我没有吃午饭。
（非谓语+what宾从，主+谓+that宾从）
2. 老实说工作了几个小时后，我非常饿了。（after+doing,主+系+表）
3. 感觉到一点尴尬，我回复道，不。（feeling+adj,主+谓...）
4. 女孩子带着微笑说，过来加入我们吧，墨西哥三明治很美味。
（主+谓+with+n,"..."）

5.带着感动的泪水在眼睛里打转，我拿过了三明治。（with+n+doing,主+谓+...）

6.像一只狼一样的吃了之后，我觉得这是我吃过最美味的三明治。
（after+doing...,主+felt that表从...）

7.然后女孩的妈妈放了另一块三明治在一个纸袋中递给我，温柔地说，“拿着，等会再吃，现在我们得走了。”（主+谓1...+and+谓2...,非谓语+...）


Paragraph 2After they left, I got into my Jeep and opened the paper bag.

1.增加细节
所见：纸袋中有三明治，水果和我的钱
所感：无限感激
所做：放千斤顶和一些常用的工具
所想：要像墨西哥一家一样地帮助更多的人

2.开始写作
1.让我很惊讶的是，袋子里有一块三明治,水果和我给的钱。
（what主从+was that there was +主1+主2+given...）
2.紧紧地握着纸袋，我定的站在那里，一股暖流涌上我的心头。
（非谓语...,主+谓+...,+独立主格：n+doing...）
3.我是多么的感激这个帮助我的家庭。（how+adj+主+系+...）
4.虽然我在路上遇到的大多数人是冷漠的，但是然而有一些像这个家庭成员一样的人们，他们是多么的乐于助人和体贴。
(although+主+定从+系+表，there+be+主+...+定从)
5.从那时起，我放一个千斤顶和一些常用的工具在我的小车里。（主+谓+宾+介词短语）
6.当在路上遇到需要的人们，我会像这个家人一样竭尽所能地帮助他们。
（when+doing...,主+谓+宾+...）
7.只有这样越来越多的人才会有互相帮助。
(only in this way,情态动词+主+动原+...)

参考范文：
When I was about to say goodbye, the girl asked if I’d had lunch.Hearing what she said, I realized that I didn’t have lunch.To be honest, after working hard for several hours, I was so hungry. Feeling a bit embarrassed, I replied: “no!”The girl said with a smile, “Come on! Join us.The Mexicon sandwich is delicious!” With moved tears rolling around my eyes, I took the sandwich.After eating it like wolf, I felt that it was the tasty sandwich that I had ever had.While dining, I talked about my trouble and feelings and they shared theirinteresting stories in the life.Then, the girl’s mother had another sandwich and some fruit placedin a paper bag and handed it to me,sayinggently: “Keep it and have it later! We had to go now.”I showed my heartfelt gratitude to them and sawthem disappear in my sight.
After they left, I got into my jeep and opened thepaper bag. What surprised me a lot was that there was a sandwich,fruitand the bill given by me.Holding the paper bag tightly, I stood still, a warm current rising in my heart.How grateful was I to the family helping me. Although most of people I met on the road were indifferent, there were still some people like this family who was so helpful andthoughtful.From then on, I placed a jack and some common tools in my car.When meeting people inneed on the road ,I would try my best to help them like the family.Only in this way, could more and more people help each other in the future.

延伸学习


shrug one’sshoulder
耸肩膀（表否定回应）
talk merrily
开心聊天
to our heart’s content
尽情
express my appreciation
表达谢意
timely assistance
及时帮忙
showed me hospitality
表达热情
detailed address
详细信息
filled with gratitude
充满感恩
give sba light hug
轻轻拥抱
bid farewell to the family
道别
at this point
此时此刻
spot
发现
serveas
担当
constant reminder
时刻回忆
owe to
亏欠
eliminate
消除
prejudice against
对……的偏见
offer a helping hand
施予援手

8省联考英语读后续写方法探讨


一、通读全文，把握脉络

对于试卷所提供的文章，我们在通读的时候，需要将有助于理清文章脉络的词、短语或句子进行勾画。这是非常关键的一步，因为大部分所提供的材料都是记叙文。梳理勾画的目的一是要弄清谁（who）、在什么时间（when）、什么地点（where）、通过什么方式（how）、做了什么事（what），另外一个目的是在我们续写的时候可以适当呼应前文。以8省联考试题为例，首次阅读后我们可以大概归纳出以下几点：
1、I wassickof the way most people hadn’thad bothered tohelp.
2、I was on the side of the road forclose to three hourswith my big Jeep.
Signs "need a Jack and offered money”
3、A Mexican family ina small truck.
4、They did everything to give me a hand
5、I gave them20 dollar quietlyto his wife.

二、分析续写所提供的两句话

分析的目的是看是否有新的线索出现，或者是否有与旧的线索呼应的部分。以8省联考试题为例：
第一段第一句：When I was about to say goodbye, the girl asked if I’d had lunch.
第二段第一句：After they left, I got into my Jeep and opened the paper bag.
通过分析句子我们可以注意到：第一句给出了“是否吃午饭”的新情节，那么毫无疑问，第一段的展开应该是围绕午饭这个问题展开。第二句出现了“纸袋”的新线索，这是前面我们在理清文章脉络中所没有出现过的线索，而且出现的位置是二段首句，那么毫无疑问这个线索必须出现在我们所要续写的一段中，而且我们也需要考虑：这个纸袋是做什么用的呢？为什么我有了这个纸袋？谁给的？诸如此类的问题。

三、已知推未知

所谓已知是指续写时所提供的每段的首句话。所谓未知就是指我们需要续写的内容。推论的方法如下：
第一段第一句顺推第二句（根据所给的人物要么展开语言、动作，要么描写心理、表情等等）
第二段第一句逆推第一段尾句，过渡句
第二段第一句顺推第二句（根据所给的人物要么展开语言、动作，要么描写心理、表情等等）
第二段尾句总结或感慨
以8省联考试题为例
第一段第一句：When I was about to say goodbye, the girl asked if I’d had lunch.
顺推第二句：我说没吃。（为什么是没吃呢？这就是二段一句中出现的“纸袋”所暗示的答案）
第二段第一句：After they left, I got into my Jeep and opened the paper bag.
逆推第一段尾句：他们一家上了车
顺推第二句：我看到袋子里有......
第二段尾句：世上还是有一些乐于助人的善良人的！！”（他们一家帮我修了车，还留了一个纸袋所引发的感慨“）

四、完善关系链

所以，现在我们的任务就是将我们所推论出来的句子进行关系链的完善问题。这个过程可以是动作链的完善，也可以是心理历程的完善。以8省联考试题为例
（第一段第二句）我说没吃——他们给我张罗吃的——我拒绝他们——但是没成功，留下了纸袋——（第一段 尾句）他们一家上了车
这样就构成了第一段一个较为完整的关系链的闭环。

五、写句子

以上的各个步骤都是在让我们心里清楚地知道“我要写什么”这个问题，下面的关键一步是“我该怎么写”的问题。因为仅仅凭借上面的几个动作步骤是远远无法让我们完成字数要求的，所以写句子是重头戏，那么到底该如何将一个“骨感十足”的句子“丰盈”起来呢？

新高考英语读后续写素材系列：

新高考英语读后续写素材之一动作描写

新高考英语读后续写素材之二心理描写

新高考英语读后续写素材之三肢体动作描写

新高考英语读后续写素材之四五官表情描写

新高考英语读后续写素材之五哭的各种表达

新高考英语读后续写素材之六关于恶劣环境的描写

新高考英语读后续写素材之七The Description of Snow

新高考英语读后续写素材之八The Description of Rain

新高考英语读后续写素材之九The Description of Moon and night

新高考英语读后续写素材之十：The Description of Dawn and Morning

新高考英语读后续写素材之十一：The Description of Noon and Sun

新高考英语读后续写素材之十二：The Description of Spring

新高考英语读后续写素材之十三：The Description of Autumn and Fallen Leaves

新高考英语读后续写素材之十四：The Description of Birds

新高考英语读后续写素材之十五：The Description ofMeadow

新高考英语读后续写素材之十六：The Description of Tree

新高考英语读后续写素材之十七：The Description ofRiver，Lake and Ocean

新高考英语读后续写素材之十八：读后续写教学实践及策略

新高考篇：（19）山东省新高考英语“读后续写”评分标准

新高考篇：（20）读后续写精彩结尾 01：画面定格——人物动作的画面定格

新高考篇：（21）读后续写精彩结尾 02：画面定格——特殊寓意的写景画面

新高考篇：（22）读后续写精彩结尾 03：精彩结尾 03：对话结尾

新高考篇：（23）读后续写精彩结尾 04：主题升华

新高考篇：（24）读后续写精彩结尾 05：结尾留白

新高考篇：（25）读后续写精彩结尾 06：首尾呼应

新高考篇：（26）读后续写描述喜怒哀乐的高级词汇

新高考篇：（27）读后续写：表人物个性品格的高级词汇

新高考篇：（28）读后续写：表人物动作或心理活动的高级词汇

新高考篇：（29）读后续写：描述人物体型&日常活动的场景词

新高考篇：（30）读后续写：描述地理位置&天气的高级词汇

新高考篇：（31）读后续写：动作描写美句欣赏

新高考篇：（32）读后续写：心理描写美句欣赏

新高考篇：（33）读后续写：外貌神态环境描写美句欣赏

新高考篇：（34）读后续写之高频词

新高考篇：（35）读后续写素材库之五官高频词

新高考篇：（36）读后续写素材库之动作链

新高考篇：（37）读后续写素材库之哭的各种表达

新高考篇：（38）读后续写之合理拓展的两大提分方法

新高考篇：（39）读后续写技巧之八步成文法

新高考篇：（40）读后续写：“三冲突、四途径”解题技巧

新高考：（41）读后续写10个场景高级词汇短语素材

新高考（42）：2021八省联考英语读后续写方法探究

新高考（43）：高考英语写作之读后续写公开课

新高考(44)：2021高考英语新题型读后续写专项训练（一）

新高考（45）：2021高考英语新题型读后续写专项训练（二）

新高考(46)：高中英语“读后续写” 细节性描写素材大汇总

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