【小学英语】作文十种语法错误,98%的同学都错过!(下)

发布于 2021-11-05 15:51 ,所属分类:中小学英语考试学习资料


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冠词的使用

冠词考查分两个方面,一是冠词的残缺或多余,考生要注意关于含有冠词(不含冠词)的用法以及加冠词与不加冠词的区别,如:in charge of与in the charge of, out of question与out of the question的区别。


二是冠词the, a, an(不定冠词和定冠词)之间的相互误用。


英汉名词确有许多共同点,但是也有不少不同点。英语名词有可数与不可数之分,汉语里没有,且一般情况下,名词都可受到数量词的限制。


因此,英语写作中,一旦涉及到advice, news, progress, weather, information等少数常用不可数名词时,学生往往会犯错误。


不过,在使用英语不可数名词时,又会出现两种情况,一种是绝不可以用a/an或数词来直接修饰,如上述提及的几个名词;


另一种情况是,少数不可数名词在被形容词修饰后,可用a/an等来修饰。如time(时间),rain(雨)。所以我们可以说:We had a wonderful time yesterday.


错误例子:


a. The air is the most important thing for our existence.


b. The driver brought the car to stop. In this way, he avoided an accident.


c. When sun was setting, he still did not catch any fish.


正确例子:


a. Air is the most important thing for our existence.


b. The driver brought the car to a stop. In this way, he avoided an accident.


c. When the sun was setting, he still did not catch any fish.


分析:


a句中air是不可数名词,不需要the,b句中stop在此处的意思是站台,表示某一个站台,需要有a来修饰,c句中太阳是专有名词,需要有the来修饰。



代词的使用


代词主要有人称代词、物主代词、关系代词、反身代词、疑问代词、复合疑问代词、指示代词。


要注意代词的各人称之间和单复数之间的误用,关系代词 which, that, as之间的误用,关系代词that与疑问代词what之间的误用,以及what与how的误用等。


错误例子:


a. We do not like he.


b. The population of China is larger than those of Japan.


c. His book is different from me.


正确例子:


a. We do not like him.


b. The population of China is larger than that of Japan.


c. His book is different from mine.


分析:


只要区分好这些代词之间的区别和意思,其实这些错误很容易被避免。



连词的使用


连词主要有两类,即并列连词和从属连词,考查点主要是并列连词(分递进式、转折式、选择式和因果式四种)之间的误用(主要是but与so/and之间的误用),从属连词之间的误用以及并列连词与从属连词之间的误用等。


错误例子:


a. He had little to eat and a large house to live in.


b. He had no sooner arrived when he fell ill.


c. If you go this way, and you will soon see the hospital.


正确例子:


a. He had little to eat but a large house to live in.


b. He had no sooner arrived than he fell ill.


c. If you go this way,you will soon see the hospital.


分析:


a句中根据句意可以知道应该表示转折。b中no sooner than是固定搭配。c句中,已经有了if引导这个句子,就不再需要and。



名词的使用


名词主要考查单数名词变复数名词,这主要是受东西方文化差异的影响,英语中除了不可数名词和单数名词用单数外,可数名词要用复数形式。另外还有一些特殊形式。


错误例子:


a. What a beautiful weather we are having today!


b. Please give my best regard to your parents.


正确例子:


a. What beautiful weather we are having today!


b. Please give my best regards to your parents.


分析:


a句中weather是不可数名词,不需要a。b中regard是可数的,所以要加上s。



情态动词的使用


这类错误有以下几种情况:


① 情态动词后的动词使用过去时态;

② 情态动词后的动词加“s”

③ 情态动词后的动词加“ing”

④ ”will”后面的“be”动词用“am、“is”或“are ”;

⑤ 助动词“do”后面的动词用动词过去时态;

⑥ 助动词“do”后面的动词第三人称单数加“s";

⑦ 助动词“do”后面的动词加“ing”等。


例如:


a. I could did my homework.

b. He may goes to school by bike every day.


正确例子:


a. I could do my homework.

b. He may go to school by bike every day.



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