学习方式(三):模糊容忍度 Ambiguity Tolerance

发布于 2021-05-20 21:11 ，所属分类：高效学习方法分享

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每天五分钟，FunwayEnglish好轻松~

这是一个语言学系列的知识点合集

学习方式是较稳定的认知，情感和心理特征，是学习者感知学习环境并与之互动的方式。与学习方式相关的常见议题有：场独立和场依存，左半脑与右半脑功能，模糊容忍度，反思性与冲动性，视觉与听觉方式。今天我们来看第三个议题：模糊容忍度。

模糊容忍度是指，面对与自己信念体系和知识结构相反的思想观点时，在认知上的接受程度。Ambiguity tolerance concerns the degree to which you are cognitively willing to tolerate ideas and propositions that run counter to your own belief system or structure of knowledge.

Tolerant of ambiguity

这些人在接受新事物（尤其是相反的意识形态和事物时）思想相对开放。Some people are, for example, relatively “open-minded”in accepting ideologies and events and facts that contradict their own views。

Pros:

在二语学习中，存在许多明显文化信息不同的情况：不同的用词，完全不同的规则，甚至是相去甚远的语言文化。模糊容忍度高的人，不论在认知还是情感上，他们都不容易受到影响，对创新创造机会抱有兴趣。The person who is tolerant of ambiguity is free entertain a number of innovative and creative possibilities and not be cognitively or affectively disturbed by ambiguity and uncertainty. In second language learning a great amount of apparently contradictory information is encountered: words that differ from the native language, rules that not only differ but that are internally inconsistent because of certain “exceptions”, and sometimes a whole cultural system that is distant from that of the native culture.

Cons：

但模糊容忍度过高也是有害的，会使你变得优柔寡断，对他人意见照单全收，从而无法做出准确判断。On the other hand, too much tolerance of ambiguity can have a detrimental effect. People can become “wishy-washy”, accepting virtually every proposition before them, not efficiently subsuming necessary facts into their cognitive organization structure.

Not tolerant of ambiguity

思想相对保守的人，作风教条，拒绝与现有的体系相反或不一致的事物。Others, more “closed-minded”, more dogmatic, tend to reject items that are contradictory or slightly in-congruent with their existing system; they wish to see every proposition fit into an acceptable place in their cognitive organization, and if it does not fit, it is rejected.

Pros:

一定程度的不容忍，可以保护自己的观点不受干扰，排除无效项，拒绝矛盾观点，建立有效的个人思想体系。A certain intolerance at an Optimal level enables one to guard against the wishy-washiness referred to above, to close off avenues of hopeless possibilities, to reject entirely contradictory material, and to deal with the reality of the system that one has built.

Cons:

但倘若毫无容忍度，或对“容忍”带有偏见，那必然僵化教条，缺乏创造力，这对于二语学习来说及其不利。But clearly intolerance can close the mind too soon, especially if ambiguity is perceived as a threat, the result is a rigid, dogmatic, brittlemind that is too narrow to be creative. This may be particular harmful in second language learning.